Umugano amakara biva mu bice by'ibiti by'imigano, bisarurwa nyuma yimyaka nibura itanu, bigatwikwa mu ziko ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya 800 na 1200 ° C. Ifasha kurengera ibidukikije igabanya ibisigazwa byangiza.
Amakara
Amakara y’imigano afite amateka maremare y’Ubushinwa, afite inyandiko zanditswe nko mu 1486 ku ngoma ya Ming i Chuzhou Fu Zhi. [3] Hano haravugwa no ku ngoma ya Qing, ku ngoma y'abami Kangxi, Qianlong, na Guangxu. [4]
Umusaruro
Amakara yamakara akozwe mumigano hakoreshejwe inzira ya pyrolysis. Ukurikije ubwoko bwibikoresho fatizo, amakara yamakara arashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa nkamakara mbisi mbisi namakara briquette. Amakara mbisi yamakara akozwe mubice by'imigano nk'imigozi, amashami, n'imizi. Amakara briquette amakara akozwe mu bisigisigi by'imigano, urugero, umukungugu w'imigano, ifu y'ibiti n'ibindi, mugukanda ibisigazwa mu nkoni runaka
imiterere na karuboni. Hariho ibikoresho bibiri bikoreshwa muri karuboni, kimwe ni itanura ryamatafari, naho ubundi ni imashini.
Mu rwego rwo kuzamura ubukungu bw’umujyi wabo, isosiyete ifite icyicaro i Bayambang, muri Pangasinan, igiye kujya ikora amakara manini akoresheje imigano. [5]
Gukoresha
Mu Bushinwa, Ubuyapani na Filipine abantu benshi bakoresha amakara y'imigano nk'amavuta yo guteka, ndetse no gukama icyayi. Amakara menshi yamakara ya lisansi ni amakara briquette amakara, ahasigaye ni amakara mbisi. [7] Kimwe namakara yose, amakara yamakara atunganya amazi kandi
ikuraho umwanda kama kandi impumuro. Birashoboka kuvura amazi yo kunywa ya chlorine na sterile hamwe namakara yamakara kugirango akureho chlorine isigaye na chloride. Kubera ko we na we
itsinda ryavumbuye kuramba kurikoreshwa, Thomas Edison yerekanaga imigano ya karuboni ya karuboni muri kimwe mubishushanyo bye byambere byamuritse.
[10] vinegere y'imigano (yitwa aside pyroligneous) ikurwa mugihe cyo kubyara, kandi ni ingirakamaro mu kuvura amagana mu mirima myinshi. Ifite imiti igera kuri 400 kandi ifite imiti myinshi, harimo kwisiga, udukoko twica udukoko, deodorant, gutunganya ibiryo, nubuhinzi.
Ubushakashatsi bumwe buvuga ko kongeramo amakara cyangwa vinegere y’imigano ku mafunguro y’amafi cyangwa inkoko bishobora kongera umuvuduko w’iterambere.
Ibyangiza ubuzima
Nkuko Ishami ry’Umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima ribigaragaza, kimwe n’amakara ayo ari yo yose, kumara igihe kinini umukungugu w’amakara bishobora gutera inkorora yoroheje. Abantu bamwe bavuze ko bifite ingaruka nziza ariko ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ukundi.
Umuco uzwi
Burger King ikoresha amakara yamakara nkibigize foromaje yayo ya Kuro Burgers mu Buyapani yitwa Kuro Pearl na Kuro Ninja burger. [6]
Reba
1. "Gushyira mubikorwa ingamba binyuze mumishinga" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(95)92150-8).
Igenamigambi rirerire. 28 (1): 133. Gashyantare 1995. doi: 10.1016 / 0024-6301 (95) 92150-8 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0024-6301%2895%2992150-8). ISSN 0024-6301 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0024-6301).
2. Huang, PH; Jhan, JW; Cheng, YM; Cheng, HH (2014). "Ingaruka z'ibipimo bya karuboni ya Moso-imigano ishingiye ku makara y’amakara mu gufata dioxyde de carbone" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147260). Sci. Isi J. 2014: 937867. doi: 10.1155 / 2014/937867 (https://doi.org/10.115
5% 2F2014% 2F937867). PMC 4147260 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147260). PMID 25225639 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25225639).
3. Yang, Yachang; Yu, Shi-Yong; Zhu, Yizhi; Shao, Jing (25 Werurwe 2013). "Gukora amatafari y'ibumba yatwitse mu Bushinwa hashize imyaka 5000" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12014). Ubucukuzi. 56 (2): 220–227. doi: 10.1111 / arcm.12014 (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Farcm.12014). ISSN 0003-813X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0003-813X).
4. Gucunga umutungo wikirere: ibyo twagiye dukora--
(https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.114955). [Washington, DC?]: Ubuyobozi bwa Amerika bushinzwe ubuhinzi, amashyamba
Serivisi, Pasifika y'Amajyaruguru y'Uburengerazuba. 1996. doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.114955 (https://doi.org/10.5962%2Fbhl.title.114955).
5. -gufasha-pangasinan-firime-mu-imigano-gukora amakara.html). Ishami ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga, Guverinoma ya Philippines. 27 Nzeri 2017. Yakuwe ku ya 26 Ukwakira 2020. Iyi ngingo ikubiyemo inyandiko yavuye muri iyi soko, iri mu ruhame rusange.
6. Umuyobozi, L (2014). "Burger King yatangije burger yumukara hamwe n '' imigano yamakara yamakara hamwe na inksauce ya squid 'mu Buyapani" (https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/news/burger-king-releases
-black-burger-hamwe-imigano-amakara-foromaje-na-squid-ink-isosi-muri-japan-9724429.html). The Independent. Yakuwe 15 Mutarama 2019.7. Mayer, Florian; Breuer, Klaus; Sedlbauer, Klaus (2009), "Impumuro nziza n’imbere mu nzu" (https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527628889.ch8), Umwanda uhumanya ikirere, Weinheim, Ubudage: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, pp. 165–187, doi: 10.1002 / 9783527628889.ch8 (https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9783527628889.ch8), ISBN 978-3-527-62888-9, yagaruwe ku ya 25 Ukwakira 2020
8. Riedel, Friedlind (25 Ugushyingo 2019), "Ingaruka nikirere - impande ebyiri z'igiceri kimwe?" (https://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780815358718-15), Umuziki nka Atimosire, [1.] | New York: Inzira, 2019. | Urukurikirane: Ambiances, ikirere hamwe nubunararibonye bwibibanza: Inzira, pp. 262-2273, doi: 10.4324 / 9780815358718-15 (https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780815358718-15), ISBN978-0- 8153-5871- 8, yagaruwe ku ya 25 Ukwakira 2020
9. Hoffman, F. (1 Mata 1995). "Gusubira inyuma kw'ibinyabuzima bihindagurika mu mazi yo mu butaka mu butaka buke bwa karubone" (https://dx.doi.org/10.2172/39598). doi: 10.2172 / 39598 (https://doi.org/10.2172%2F39598).
10. Matulka, R; Igiti, D (2013). "Amateka Yamatara" (https://www.energy.gov/articles/amateka-umucyo-bulb). Ingufu.gov. Minisiteri ishinzwe ingufu muri Amerika. Yakuwe 15 Mutarama 2019.
11. Hasi, YF (6 Mata 2009). "Amakara yamakara arashobora kuzamura amafi: kwiga" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120305070839/http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/igihugu/amakuru-amakuru/amakuru/2009/04/06 /203202/Imigano-amakara.htm). Ubushinwa. Tayiwani. Yabitswe uhereye ku mwimerere (http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/igihugu/amakuru-amakuru-amakuru/2009/04/06/203202/Imigano-amakara.htm) ku ya 5 Werurwe 2012. Yakuwe ku ya 11 Werurwe 2011.
12. Lu, M (2007). "Amakara y'imigano ntashobora gufasha" (http://www.taipeitimes.com/Amakuru/taiwan/archives/2007/10/27/2003384979) .Taipei Times. Yakuweho 17 Mata 2018.
Ihuza ryo hanze
Igitabo cy’amakara y’amakara no kuyakoresha (https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/14466547/igitabo
Mingjie wo mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’imigano (BERC)
Amakara yamakara (http://www.pyroenergen.com/bamboo-amakara.htm) - Amakuru
Nuburyo-bwo kuyobora mugukora amakara
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-30-2021